Accurately weigh the penny on a balance, and record the mass. In spite of the ever increasing importance of solidstate chem. You will then create a mini activity series and write the equations for the. B, single replacement, synthesis looking for lessons about search for. Single replacement reactions will occur spontaneously in one direction only compare equations 1 and 2. Determine the densities of pennies which date from 1983 and later and of pennies from 1981 and earlier.
Using a triangular file make two scratches on the surface of the top and bottom portions. To do this, you will take advantage of the activity series of metals, and perform a single replacement reaction on the penny. You can repeat this experiment replacing the white vinegar with red vinegar or lemon juice. Before 1982, pennies contained about 95% copper and 5% zinc. Soak the paper towel pieces in a beaker containing 20 ml of a 1m sodium. That single compound is indicated with the letters bc. Single displacement reactions lab explained schoolworkhelper. Wet the paper towel or cotton pad with a few drops of vinegar. Postlab questions use a separate sheet of paper to answer the following questions. A more active metal tends to lose electrons more readily than a less active metal. A singledisplacement reaction, also known as a singlereplacement reaction, is a chemical reaction in which one or more element s replaces another element s in a compound. When zinc is added to hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas will be released a solid, zinc chloride, will be formed.
The reaction of aluminum with copper ii chloride equation 1 is classified as a single replacement reaction aluminum reacts with and replaces copper ions in copper ii chloride. Experiment 2 statistical analysis of pennies are all. A singlereplacement chemical reaction is one in which one substance from a compound is replaced by another substance. Fold a paper towel or cotton pad to fit the bottom of your container with a lid. Background the rusting of iron and the combustion of gasoline are common examples of oxidationreduction reactions, often abbreviated redox reactions. Two observe two different single displacement reactions. Cut 3 circles of paper towel about the same diameter or slightly larger than the coins. Write down at least 3 sentences of background information. Different metals hydrogens behavior as a cation renders it as a metal here, in which.
Wear goggles and aprons 3m hcl is corrosive avoid skin contact procedure. Put one penny on the wet pad and cover with the lid. Zinc metal reacts with chromiumiii nitrate in a single replacement reaction. Refer to example exercise i and calculate the percentage of a copper metal and b zinc. In step 9, a single replacement reaction occurred between zinc and sulfuric acid, producing zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas. Single replacement reactions and batteries experiment.
In the above single replacement reactions, the more active metal gave its electrons directly to the ion of a different metal. This lab includes pre and post lab questions that not only focus on chemical reactions, but the historical and economic point of view of the penny and why it is no longer pure copper. Record the mass and year of each penny in your lab notebook. Obviously, an industrial battery is more sophisticated than a grapefruit battery. Sample traditional lab report density of pennies hypothesis based on the instructions provided the density of pennies made before 1982 will be greater than the density of pennies made after 1982. Single replacement reactions are reactions in which an element in pure form competes for a place with an ion or atom in a compound. If zinc completely reacts with hcl, then the theoretical yield of copper should be equivalent to the actual yield.
Single replacement reactions reminder goggles must be worn at all times in the lab. Do not tell students before the lab what to expect. A singledisplacement reaction, is a chemical reaction in which one or more elements replaces another elements in a compound. Although since 1983, pennies are actually made of zinc surrounded by a paper thin copper foil. Calculate the percentages of copper and zinc in the penny. Surface tension can be measured and observed by dropping water drop by drop onto a penny. Classify each reaction as a single replacement, double replacement, andor oxidationreduction reaction. Use sandpaper to remove a thin layer of copper around the rim of the penny make sure that. First, you need pennies that are dated after 1982, muriatic acid, a plastic container, and sandpaper.
Single replacement reactions are also called single displacement reactions. Mass percent, mole fraction, single replacement reaction. When zinc is added to copper ii sulfate, a single displacement reaction will take place, creating a solid, copper, and zinc sulfate. First, rub the edge of the penny on sandpaper until the silver color is exposed. The reactivity of a substance depends on its ability to gain or lose electrons. Measure and record the thickness using the digital calipers and the mass centigram balance for each penny. We were informed before our experiment of the many changes the composition of the penny has gone through over the years. A single lecture illustrating the band structure of solids donald a. Put 20 drops of nitrate solution into a test tube, and add a small piece of copper. The drop bottles contained different compounds which were dropped into the spot plates and mixed together.
Do this on two pennies, then place them in the plastic container. A good battery maintenance program may prevent, or at least, reduce the. Add one or two drops of soap to the cup of water and see how this affects the number of paperclips it will hold. Oxidation reactions are also thought to be partly responsible for the aging of the human body. This is one type of oxidationreduction reaction, or redox reaction, because it occurs via a transfer of electrons. A single displacement reaction is a chemical reaction where one reactant is exchanged for one ion of a second reactant.
Record the date of a pre1982 penny and a post 1982 penny. To observe a single replacement reaction to determine the cost of making a penny safety. We will plot the class data, constantly updating the plot as it is added. Penny sandwiches this activity extends over a much longer time period than the usual challenge. That single compound is indicated with the letters.
In this experiment, you will use a penny to generate hydrogen gas and then perform percentage composition after making several measurements. Chemistry in society cty course syllabus day concepts. Single replacement reactions and precipitation activity worksheet oxidation reduction discussion. In this lab, students will use a penny to demonstrate a single replacement lab. Fastpaced high school chemistry morning session afternoon. The zinc which was already silver coated the penny. A single replacement chemical reaction is one in which one substance from a compound is replaced by another substance. Write a balanced chemical equation for each reaction in parts ad.
I did a chemistry lab in which i heated copper pennies in sodium hydroxide solution changed the copper to silver, then heated it on hot plate changed the silver to gold. Matter and change vii how to use this laboratory manual chemistry is the science of matter, its properties, and changes. Be sure to always use the same penny, same side, and same eye dropper. When you are finished, enter the mass and year data set into the excel spreadsheet on the laptop computer in lab.
Percentages of copper and zinc in a penny 11 determination of avogadros number 125. The balanced reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is below. The purpose of this experiment was to find if the composition of a post1962 penny has remained constant throughout the years. In your classroom work in chemistry, you will learn a great deal of the information that has been gathered by scientists about matter. How to hollow out a penny science experiments wonderhowto. Observe the center of each penny through one of the notches. Stoichiometry using copper lab ap chemistry krebs 201220. From 1864 until 1983, the usual composition of a penny its actual name is cent was 95%. Using an eyedropper, place drops of water one at a time onto the surface of the penny. The number of water drops that can fit on a penny will surprise you.
Experiment 2 statistical analysis of pennies are all pennies. Please consult your current flinn scientific catalogreference manual for general guidelines and. Single replacement reactions in part a of this lab we will examine single replacement reactions. Identify the limiting and excess reactants in this single replacement reaction. University, and founded one of the first centers for chemical research in the united states. Add one piece of aluminum foil to each of the cups.
Use single replacement reactions to create voltage make a battery the twocompartment electrochemical cell. A comparison of pennys before 1982 and after 1982 and the reaction in hcl muriatic acid song. Fastpaced high school chemistry morning session afternoon session evening session. Mar 31, 2011 i did a chemistry lab in which i heated copper pennies in sodium hydroxide solution changed the copper to silver, then heated it on hot plate changed the silver to gold. Jun 27, 2019 a single displacement reaction is a chemical reaction where one reactant is exchanged for one ion of a second reactant. Determination of % composition of pennies using redox and double displacement precipitation reactions introduction. Single replacement reactions have the general form. Single replacement and activity series practice ws. Takehome challenge penny sandwiches terrific science. During the lab, each participant was given drop bottles, spot plates. Data table 1 trial mass of 10 pennies made before 1982 mass of 10 pennies made after 1982 1 123. In fact, you can put a penny and a nickel in half of a grapefruit and you now have a battery. Reactions of copper and percent yield page 1 of 8 the objective in this experiment is to recover all of the copper you begin with in analytically pure form. In step 7, a double replacement reaction took place between copper ii oxide and sulfuric acid, forming copper sulfate and water.
Graduated cylinder water balance pennies background. Reduction, oxidation, single replacement reaction, net ionic reaction, activity series. Introduction to reaction types lab notebook record observations for all of the chemical reactions carried out during the lab in your lab book. Copper penny lab please help me answer this question. How many grams of zinc are required to react with 42. Penny lab report chem 125 penny lab report purpose and. The percent copper and zinc in a post 1982 penny is 97. Now, while wearing gloves, pour the acid into the container so the pennies are completely. Use metal shears to cut the coin as shown in figure 1. A single displacement reaction, also known as a single replacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction where an element reacts with a compound and takes the place of another element in that.
Place an evaporating dish under a hood, with approximately 5 g of zinc. This will most often occur if a is more reactive than b, thus giving a more stable product. In this lab, you will determine the % zinc in a penny. Singledisplacement reaction definition and examples. You will then create a mini activity series and write the equations for the potential single replacement reactions. You can also give the students a chance to try this demo again after they have completed the penny lab. Surface tension refers to waters ability to stick to itself. We were also testing to see what materials the pennies in 2006 are now composed of. The word, single is used because there is only a single compound that is affected by the replacement. Concepts oxidationreduction reaction redox, single replacement reaction expected student responses to exploration step 1 a bubbles should be visible in both containers.
Single replacement reactions we use an activity series to predict if they will. Nonetheless, a battery, to work the way it is supposed to work must be maintained properly. As of 1982, pennies have been made of mostly zinc, with a thin copper layer on the outside. Apr 03, 2008 with a single replacement just take the two metals ans switch them based of your reactivity series. The reactivity of a substance depends on its ability to gain or lose electrons, more active metals lose electrons more readily. Chemistry, physical science balancing equations, chemical reactions, decomposition, double replacement, msps11, msps12, msps15, ps1. For best results make the scratches 180 apart see diagram. In this lab, double replacement reactions between compounds were done in order to determine the equation and description of a new substance. Write down a step by step procedure, and then do your experiment. The objective in this experiment is to recover all of the copper you begin with in analytically pure form. One type of single replacement reaction is the replacement of hydrogen in acids by active metals, producing.